Hano hari injeniyeri benshi badafite uburambe mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki.Ikibaho cyateguwe na PCB gikunze kugira ibibazo bitandukanye bitewe no kwirengagiza igenzura runaka mugice cyanyuma cyashushanyije, nkubugari bwumurongo udahagije, ibice byerekana ikirango cya silike yerekana icapiro ryanyuze mu mwobo, sock Birakabije, ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, nibindi nkibisubizo , ibibazo by'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibibazo bitunganijwe biraterwa, kandi mubihe bikomeye, ikibaho gikeneye kongera gucapwa, bikavamo imyanda.Imwe muntambwe zingenzi mubyiciro byanyuma byubushakashatsi bwa PCB ni ubugenzuzi.
Hano haribintu byinshi birambuye nyuma yo kugenzura igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB:
1. Gupakira ibice
(1) Umwanya wa padi
Niba ari igikoresho gishya, ugomba gushushanya ibice byawe ubwawe kugirango umenye neza umwanya.Umwanya wa padi ugira ingaruka ku kugurisha ibice.
(2) Binyuze mu bunini (niba bihari)
Kubikoresho byacometse, ubunini bwanyuze mu mwobo bugomba kugira intera ihagije, kandi mubisanzwe birakwiye kubika munsi ya 0.2mm.
(3) Vuga icapiro rya silike
Urupapuro rwerekana icapiro ryibikoresho biruta ubunini nyabwo kugirango umenye neza ko igikoresho gishobora gushyirwaho neza.
2. Imiterere yubuyobozi bwa PCB
(1) IC ntigomba kuba hafi yinkombe.
(2) Ibikoresho byumuzingi umwe bigomba gushyirwa hafi yundi
Kurugero, ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacitor bugomba kuba hafi yumuriro wamashanyarazi wa IC, kandi ibikoresho bigize uruziga rumwe rukora bigomba gushyirwa mubice bimwe mbere, hamwe nibice bisobanutse kugirango ibikorwa bigerweho.
(3) Tegura umwanya wa sock ukurikije kwishyiriraho nyirizina
Socket zose ziyobowe mubindi bice.Ukurikije imiterere nyirizina, kugirango byoroherezwe kwishyiriraho, ihame ryo kuba hafi muri rusange rikoreshwa mugutegura umwanya wa sock, kandi muri rusange ni hafi yinkombe.
(4) Witondere icyerekezo cya sock
Socket zose ni icyerekezo, niba icyerekezo gisubijwe inyuma, insinga igomba gutegekwa.Kumashanyarazi acometse, icyerekezo cya sock kigomba kuba cyerekeza hanze yubuyobozi.
(5) Ntabwo hagomba kubaho ibikoresho mugace Komeza
(6) Inkomoko yo kwivanga igomba kubikwa kure yumuzunguruko
Ibimenyetso byihuta cyane, amasaha yihuta cyangwa ibimenyetso byihuta byo guhinduranya ibintu byose ni isoko yo kwivanga kandi bigomba kubikwa kure yumuzunguruko woroshye, nko gusubiramo imirongo hamwe nizunguruka.Igorofa irashobora gukoreshwa kubatandukanya.
3. Amashanyarazi ya PCB
(1) Ubunini bwumurongo
Ubugari bwumurongo bugomba gutoranywa ukurikije inzira nubushobozi bwo gutwara.Ubugari buto bwumurongo ntibushobora kuba buto kurenza ubugari bwumurongo muto wububiko bwa PCB.Mugihe kimwe, ubushobozi bwo gutwara burasabwa, kandi ubugari bwumurongo bukwiye bwatoranijwe muri 1mm / A.
(2) Umurongo utandukanya ibimenyetso
Kumurongo utandukanye nka USB na Ethernet, menya ko ibimenyetso bigomba kuba bifite uburebure bungana, buringaniye, kandi kumurongo umwe, kandi intera igenwa na impedance.
(3) Witondere inzira yo kugaruka kumirongo yihuta
Imirongo yihuta ikunda kubyara imirasire ya electronique.Niba agace kakozwe ninzira nyabagendwa kandi inzira yo kugaruka ni nini cyane, hazashyirwaho agapapuro kamwe kamwe kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugenda, witondere inzira yo kugaruka kuruhande rwayo.Ikibaho kinini gitangwa nimbaraga zindege hamwe nindege yubutaka, bishobora gukemura neza iki kibazo.
(4) Witondere umurongo ugereranya ibimenyetso
Umurongo wibimenyetso bisa ugomba gutandukana nibimenyetso bya digitale, kandi insinga zigomba kwirindwa kure hashoboka aho bituruka (nkisaha, amashanyarazi ya DC-DC), kandi insinga igomba kuba mugufi bishoboka.
4. Guhuza amashanyarazi (EMC) hamwe nuburinganire bwibimenyetso bya PCB
(1) Kurwanya guhagarika
Kumurongo wihuta cyane cyangwa imirongo ya signal yumurongo hamwe numurongo mwinshi hamwe ninzira ndende, nibyiza gushira rezistor ihuye murukurikirane.
(2) Iyinjiza ryerekana ibimenyetso byahujwe hamwe na capacitor nto
Nibyiza guhuza ibimenyetso byumurongo winjiza uhereye kuri interineti hafi yimbere hanyuma ugahuza capacitor nto ya picofarad.Ingano ya capacitor igenwa ukurikije imbaraga ninshuro yikimenyetso, kandi ntigomba kuba nini cyane, bitabaye ibyo uburinganire bwibimenyetso bizagira ingaruka.Kubimenyetso byihuta byinjiza, nkibintu byingenzi byinjijwe, ubushobozi buke bwa 330pF burashobora gukoreshwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Igishushanyo 2: Ubuyobozi bwa PCB igishushanyo_yinjiza umurongo wumurongo uhujwe na capacitor nto
Igishushanyo 2: Ubuyobozi bwa PCB igishushanyo_yinjiza umurongo wumurongo uhujwe na capacitor nto
(3) Ubushobozi bwo gutwara
Kurugero, ikimenyetso cyo guhinduranya hamwe nini nini yo gutwara irashobora gutwarwa na triode;kuri bisi ifite umubare munini wabafana-hanze, buffer irashobora kongerwamo.
5. Gucapisha ecran ya PCB
(1) Izina ryinama, igihe, kode ya PN
(2) Kwandika
Shyira akamenyetso ku bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bya interineti (nka array).
(3) Ikirango
Ibirango bigize ibice bigomba gushyirwa mumwanya ukwiye, kandi ibirango byuzuye bishobora gushyirwa mumatsinda.Witondere kutabishyira mumwanya wa.
6. Shyira akamenyetso ku kibaho cya PCB
Ku kibaho cya PCB gisaba kugurisha imashini, ingingo ebyiri kugeza kuri eshatu zigomba kongerwaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2022